Exact and Accurate Solutions in the Approximate Reanalysis of Structures

Combined approximations (CA) is an efŽ cient method for reanalysis of structures where binomial series terms are used as basis vectors in reduced basis approximations. In previous studies high-quality approximations have been achieved for large changes in the design, but the reasons for the high accuracy were not fully understood. In this work some typical cases, where exact and accurate solutions are achieved by the method, are presented and discussed. Exact solutions are obtained when a basis vector is a linear combination of the previous vectors. Such solutions are obtained also for low-rank modiŽ cations to structures or scaling of the initial stiffness matrix. In general the CA method provides approximate solutions, but the results presented explain the high accuracy achieved with only a small number of basis vectors. Accurate solutions are achieved in many cases where the basis vectors come close to being linearly dependent. Such solutions are achieved also for changes in a small number of elements or when the angle between the two vectors representing the initial design and modiŽ ed design is small. Numerical examples of various changes in cross sections of elements and in the layout of the structure show that accurate results are achieved even in cases where the series of basis vectors diverges.